on the syntactic analysis of persian modals: šâyad ‘perhaps’ and bâyad ‘must’

the present paper sets out to investigate the syntactic category of persian modals, šâyad ‘perhaps’ and bâyad ‘must’. the syntactic category of the two modal elements has been viewed differently by different scholars. a number of scholars argue that both šâyad and bâyad are modal auxiliaries, while others claim that they both are modal adverbs. we propose that šâyad is a modal adverb and bâyad is a modal auxiliary. this distinction is shown to follow the adverbial treatment along the lines of cinque (1999, 2004). under his approach, we propose that šâyad is located in the specifier position of modpepistemic and bâyad is located in the head position of modproot.